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Officers and enlisted personnel of the U.S. Armed Forces (and those of other countries) regularly take an oral oath to support and defend the primary convening document (i.e. constitution, articles of confederation, ruling laws and statutes) and/or the supreme leader of the nation-state. There have been countless cases throughout human history where commissioned military officers and enlisted personnel—as individuals or small groups—have chosen to question and disobey the orders of their superior officers or the supreme leader of the state. ==Forms of dissent== Dissent by military officers falls into two main categories: violent and non-violent. In essence, when a military officer, military leader chooses to oppose the orders given to him by his superior officers or national leader, he/she must decide whether his counter-action will be violent or non-violent in nature and in aim. Violent or forcible dissent or opposition among military officers against their superiors or national authority is further broken down into the following categories: * Assassination * Coup d'état * Sabotage Non-violent actions which are designed to dissent from the command authority come in the following formats: * Refusal to execute orders * Refusal to deploy or mobilize * Conscientious objection * Disinformation * Espionage * Defection * Leaking of information to the press * Jumping the chain-of-command (appealing to a higher military authority) * Modifying or changing original orders 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Dissent by Military Officers and Enlisted Personnel」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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